Does one have to always go through the court for the adoption process?

Yes, you do because otherwise, the adoption is illegal and the child can be taken away if the authorities find out.

Yes, that is the legal process.  Anything done outside of the court is probably a felony.

Yes. Trying to do it without the courts is called child trafficking and is very much illegal.

Yes. This is to ensure that certain safeguards are met for the protection of the child. It's meant to prevent child abuse and child trafficking.

yes.  adoption is a legal parent-child relationship

Yes.

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Adoption orders are court orders. Seems obvious.

No. Nip down to your local fish and chip shop. Done and dusted in 17 mins

I don't think so etc